How does chemotherapy affect oral and dental health? In a variety of ways; however, it is important to note that the side effects typically resolve when patients end their treatment.
There are several oral side effects associated with chemotherapy. To oversimplify chemotherapy, chemotherapy interferes with the metabolism and reproduction of tumor cells, also known as neoplastic cells. In the process of altering the metabolism and reproduction of these cells, chemotherapy also affects other rapidly dividing cells in the body including the cells responsible for defending the body. In other words, chemotherapy affects the immune system. Typically, the side effects of chemotherapy discussed below are seen when the blood counts drop.
Oral mucositis
Oral mucositis, or more colloquially known as mouth sores, is a condition characterized by sloughing of the oral mucosa and the presence of red and white intraoral ulcers. It affects approximately 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Traditionally, oral mucositis erupts two weeks after receiving high dose chemotherapy. Mucositis is most commonly seen on the movable tissues of the mouth (the cheeks, tongue, floor of the mouth, and the soft palate). Often it resolves when the blood counts recover.
How to treat/manage it
Prophylactic measures such as practicing good oral hygiene and avoiding spicy, hot, and acidic foods may help prevent the degree of mucositis experienced. Nonetheless, it is difficult to predict whether or not someone will experience oral mucositis as even those with impeccable oral hygiene may develop oral mucositis. However, it is important to note that practicing good oral hygiene and visiting a dentist prior to undergoing high dose chemotherapy has been associated with decreasing the duration of mucositis. There are several treatments that may help to alleviate the pain associated with mucositis including bland rinses, mucosal coating agents, and magic mouthwash.
Oral infections
Patients undergoing chemotherapy who are not on prophylactic medications may develop bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. The bacterial infections experienced may occur secondary to mucositis related ulcers. The viral infections that may occur usually resolve as the white blood cell count increases.
How to treat/manage it
These infections can all be controlled with appropriate medications. It is important to note that patients with fungal infections who wear dentures should also treat their dentures with an anti-fungal medication.
Neuropathy
Certain chemotherapies (such as vinca alkaloids) may result in neuropathies and mimic a toothache. Wait what? Yes, that’s right. Certain chemotherapies can actually result in phantom tooth pain and throbbing lower jaw pain despite no evidence of dental decay or infection. These chemotherapeutic agents are also associated with peripheral neuropathy (tingling and loss of sensation of the fingers and toes). The neuropathy manifests differently in the jaw and results in the sensation of a toothache.
How to treat/manage it
It is important to visit a dentist for a thorough examination. Additionally, it is essential for patients to provide a thorough history of their cancer treatment to help determine the diagnosis of the tooth pain. The phantom toothache usually resolves within a week of completing the associated therapy.
Xerostomia/Hyposalivation
Xerostomia is the medical term for the sensation of dry mouth. Hyposalivation signifies a reduction in salivary flow and is an objective, measurable entity. In addition to reduced flow, the saliva produced is ropey, thick and predominantly mucus. As saliva acts as a natural buffer in the mouth, bathing and lubricating the teeth and oral tissues, reduced salivary flow leaves patients prone to an increased risk for dental decay. Additionally, xerostomia is associated with taste alterations, difficulty swallowing and difficulty speaking.
How to treat/manage it
Chemotherapy-associated dry mouth usually subsides when the therapy ends. Nonetheless, because dry mouth is associated with an increased risk for dental decay, it is important to visit the dentist regularly and to maintain excellent oral hygiene to help prevent cavities. Drinking water frequently, sleeping with a humidifier and rubbing olive oil on the oral tissues may also help alleviate the symptom of dry mouth. Other remedies include sucking on sugar-free lemon drops to promote salivary flow as well as several over-the-counter saliva substitutes.
Further Reading
Little, James W. Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002. Print.
Oral Complications of Cancer Treatment: What the Dental Team Can Do. NIH, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.
“Oral Complications of Chemotherapy and Head/Neck Radiation (PDQ®.” National Cancer Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
Neville, Brad W. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009. Print.
About Dr. Levi
As a general dentist with advanced training in dental oncology, Dr. Lauren Levi delivers comprehensive oral care to cancer patients in a warm, supportive, and gentle environment. After receiving her D.M.D. at the University of Florida College of Dentistry, Dr. Levi completed a general practice residency at New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center. During her residency, Dr. Levi rotated through Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, where she discovered her interest in dental oncology. She then pursued a fellowship in dental oncology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. This training equipped her with extensive experience performing dental treatment on patients who are receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplants, and those who may face individual dental needs because of these treatment programs. For more information on dental oncology, visit http://laurenlevidmd.com.
Susan started Savor Health after losing a close friend to a brain tumor and, through that experience, becoming aware of the significant unmet nutritional needs of people with cancer. Struck by the fact that her friend was told “nutrition doesn’t matter” and “eat whatever you want,” Susan read the evidence-based literature on the subject, interviewed oncologists, oncology nurses and oncology dietitians, as well as patients and caregivers, and found that, in fact, nutrition does matter in oncology. Armed with solid scientific evidence supporting the clinical and quality of life benefits of proper nutrition, Susan left Wall Street and created Savor Health, an AI-based provider of personalized and clinically appropriate nutrition solutions for cancer patients, their caregivers and health enterprises. Susan brings to Savor Health over 25 years of industry experience in healthcare and business as well as expertise in strategy, finance and management.
Marissa Buchan is a registered dietitian, with advanced practice certifications in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) and Clinical Research (CCRP). She received her Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Duke University, and Master’s of Science degree in Clinical Nutrition from New York University. Marissa worked for 10 years at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in both the clinical research and nutrition departments. In addition to counseling patients before, during, and after cancer therapy, she spearheaded nutrition-research efforts for the bone marrow transplant service. She has co-authored over 20 articles and has a particular interest in the role of nutrition on the intestinal microbiota and its impact on patient outcomes. When Marissa’s not wearing her lab coat, she’s in her apron whipping up healthy and delicious recipes that you can find on her blog, Get Off Your Tush and Cook.
Dr. DeFrance has a unique background including clinical interventional cardiologist, chief medical officer, educator, outcomes researcher and entrepreneur. He has expertise in Lifestyle medicine in which he was board certified in 2020 and is highly interested in the prevention and reversal of chronic disease. Dr. DeFrance also has expertise in appropriate utilization of technology in medicine, healthcare economics, value-based metrics, and educational design and delivery. He worked as Chief Medical Officer for HealthHelp, one of the largest specialty benefit managers in the US, and led large teams of healthcare professionals in writing evidence based appropriate care guidelines and rule sets which improve the quality and safety of medicine for over 20 million people in the US while also creating sustained savings in healthcare. He has also designed clinical decision support systems that are currently in use helping to improve patient care.
Alyson is a registered nurse and is certified in oncology nursing (OCN) through the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS). She also has her certification as an ONS Biotherapy and Chemotherapy Provider. Alyson studied nursing at Thomas Jefferson University where she obtained her Bachelor’s of Science in Nursing (BSN). Since starting her nursing career in 2004, Alyson has had a strong dedication and commitment to oncology patients. She has worked inpatient specializing in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. Alyson currently works in outpatient oncology at the North Shore-LIJ Monter Cancer Center. Alyson is part of the clinical team at Savor Health where she counsels patients on oncology and oncology nutrition issues and contributes to website and other Savor Health content.
Chelsey is a Registered Dietitian and Board Certified Specialist in Oncology nutrition (CSO). She completed her Dietetic Internship at Northwell Health, received her BS in Dietetics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and her MS in Nutrition at Stony Brook University’s School of Medicine. Chelsey works as an outpatient dietitian at Mount Sinai covering all of the downtown cancer services at Mount Sinai Beth Israel and Philips Ambulatory Care Center. Chelsey works with patients and families before, during and after treatment to optimize their nutrition through dietary counseling and support. Chelsey has experience counseling clients with a variety of diagnoses including breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, head & neck cancer, and more. Chelsey also enjoys sharing nutrition knowledge with her peers by running a monthly Employee Wellness program that showcases healthy topics, recipes and food demos.
Michelle is a Registered Dietitian specializing in oncology. She works as a clinical dietitian at an ambulatory cancer center in New York City and is a consultant for Savor Health. She is passionate about educating oncology patients on the importance of nutrition during their fight against cancer and helping them to optimize their nutrition through all phases of treatment. Michelle received her Bachelor of Science degree in dietetics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and her Master of Science degree in Clinical Nutrition from New York University.
Denise Sievering is a Registered Dietitian who is board certified in Oncology Nutrition as well as Nutrition Support. A fluent Spanish speaker, Denise joined the Savor Health team to support Spanish speaking cancer patients and to continue to expand the Platform’s nutritional strategies and recommendations in Spanish. Denise holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Rutgers University, and completed her internship at New York Presbyterian Hospital (NYP). Denise started her career as a registered dietitian at NYP-Columbia University Medical Center, primarily covering inpatient Oncology units. Denise also holds a Master of Arts degree in Mental Health Counseling from New York University, and incorporates her advanced training in motivational interviewing and empathic listening in her patient encounters, particularly those whose lives have been forever changed by a cancer diagnosis. A New Jersey native, Denise now resides in sunny San Diego, CA where she works as a part-time outpatient Oncology dietitian at Scripps Health-MD Anderson Cancer Center, and also works as an inpatient dietitian at Kaiser Permanente. In her spare time, Denise can be found at a mom-and-pop taco shop, one of the many local craft breweries, and exploring her new city of San Diego with her husband and her rescue pup, Ripley.
Karen is a Registered Dietitian, Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition and registered in New York as a Certified Dietitian Nutritionist. Fluent in Spanish, Karen joined the Savor Health team to support Spanish speaking cancer patients and to continue to expand the Platform’s nutritional strategies and recommendations in Spanish. Karen received her Bachelor of Science degree from Ithaca College and her Master of Science degree from Hunter College. She works as an outpatient oncology dietitian in New York. Karen often works with local community centers to host nutrition programs for cancer survivors and their families, leading classes on how to live healthier lifestyles throughout their continuum of care. The American Institute of Cancer Research selected to showcase one of her many programs at their conference in 2019. Karen has written for and lent commentary to various publications and truly enjoys teaching people how to eat better. She loves to cook and strongly feels that healthy food doesn’t have to taste bad.
Allie is a Registered Dietitian and a Certified Specialist in Oncology (CSO). She joins Savor in 2023, bringing years of experience from the John Theurer Cancer Center in New Jersey, where she worked with patients with a variety of cancers. Her goal is to help people feel their best, both mentally and physically, when physical health challenges arise. She believes in the power of nutrition ever since the impact it made on her athletic career as a volleyball player during college. Allie graduated with her Bachelor of Science degree from University of Maryland-Baltimore County and has her Master’s degree in Human Nutrition from the University of Wisconsin Stout. She enjoys travelling, enjoying different cuisines, cooking, and hiking and other outdoor activities with her family and dog.
Julia Penberg is a seasoned healthcare professional with more than 30 years of experience focusing on maximizing operational excellence, leading clinical program development and building strong cross-functional teams. Her previous roles include overseeing the performance of clinical managers and nurse practitioners across multiple markets within United Healthcare-Optum’s Medicare Advantage and dual-eligible special needs populations, payer outreach and program development at Mayo Clinic, ground level specialty hospital development and direct patient care as a family and dermatology nurse practitioner. Julia volunteered as an operating room nurse and nurse practitioner on several mission trips to Romania and was a support group leader for the Kansas City chapter of the International Myeloma Foundation. Her motivation throughout her career has been with wellness promotion, disease risk modification and ensuring the best patient experience across the health continuum. Ms. Penberg received an MBA from the University of Dallas; a MS in Nursing from the University of Kansas and a BS in Nursing from the University of Texas-Austin. She is board certified as a Family Nurse Practitioner.
Rachel is a Registered Dietitian and Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (“CSO”). She joined NYP-Columbia as the outpatient oncology dietitian in 2020 after working at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center for two years. Rachel completed her dietetic internship through Keene State College in 2017. She is pursuing an MS in Integrative Nutrition at Stony Brook University and has a BS in Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise from Virginia Tech. Rachel provides nutrition counseling to all types of oncology patients and helps them understand the mental and physical benefits of nutrition as an ally in their fight against cancer. In her free time she enjoys slow meals with family and friends, Pilates, and tending to her fire escape garden.
Allie Werner is a Registered Dietitian at Fresenius Kidney Care where she provides medical nutrition therapy diet counseling to patients on Dialysis. She received her Bachelor’s Degree in nutrition from Indiana University and completed her Master’s Degree and dietetic internship at Loyola University Chicago. In her free time she enjoys spending time with friends and family, checking out the amazing food scene in downtown Chicago, and exercising on her Peloton bike.
Immersed in the tech world for a decade, I've coded, led teams, and honed my skills in architecture and design. As a tech enthusiast, I've seamlessly woven through full-stack projects, fusing my love for code with the art of leadership.
Mohit is a full-stack developer with expertise in Python and JavaScript, known for his efficient coding and ability to deliver scalable software solutions. His technical contributions are highlighted on GitHub and Stack Overflow, demonstrating his commitment to the tech community and problem-solving skills. With a solid educational foundation and a diverse project portfolio, Mohit excels at navigating complex challenges and is well-equipped to contribute to dynamic software projects.
Rayna McCann is a Registered Dietitian and Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition. She is a Registered Yoga Teacher and yoga4cancer certified. She received her BS in Nutrition at Penn State University and her MS from Stony Brook University. For work, Rayna wears many hats in the world of nutrition and worked for years in clinical settings focusing on oncology nutrition. She is also an Adjunct Professor and passionate about inspiring the future of dietitians. Throughout her career, she has received awards recognizing her dedication to patient safety and her contributions to improving malnutrition awareness. In 2022, Rayna was proud to accept the ‘Dietitian of the Year’ award through the Long Island Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Rayna has co-authored abstracts for poster presentations within the American Institute for Cancer Research conference, as well as, the Nutrition and Dietetics Food and Nutrition Conference Expo and subsequent publication. She has enjoyed authoring articles, including an article for The Cure magazine regarding Multiple Myeloma and nutrition. When Rayna is not participating in nutrition related activities, she is dedicated to dog rescue.
Former Senior Vice-President, head of Strategies and Performance at Nestlé global HQ, Valerio is a leading innovation enabler who offers his expertise to a broad spectrum of start-ups, agencies and consulting companies as they expand their businesses and offerings.
Vera has dedicated her professional life to creating innovative digital solutions at the intersection of science and technology. Her most recent engagement was with Nestlé Research, where Vera established the Digital Nutrition & Health group and led the development of Digital Food Safety department.
Dr. Becker has served in many roles throughout her career as a Transplant Surgeon. She is currently Vice President and Chief Medical Officer at LifeGift, an organ transplant procurement organization. Dr. Becker is a Past President of the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network for Organ Sharing (“OPTN/UNOS”) Board of Directors and served during tumultuous times. While serving as OPTN President, lung allocation and liver allocations were both amended to decrease geographic disparities. She has most recently served on the UNOS corporate affairs committee as an advisor. Dr. Becker is a former committee member for the National Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine. She is currently serving on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) steering committee as the Co-Chair of a workgroup assessing patient factors contributing to kidney graft loss.
Jon Bond is one of the advertising and marketing industry’s most recognized thought leaders and entrepreneurs. He has developed several significant companies and marketing concepts over his 30-year career. Jon was Co-Founder and CEO of Kirshenbaum Bond and Partners (KBP). KBP was the first to develop the modern multi-disciplinary, integrated agency. He was CEO of Big Fuel (now part of Publicis) and co-founded and sold one of the first online media agencies (iballs) to Microsoft. Currently, Jon is founder and Chief Tomorroist at TOMORRO. Established in 2012, TOMORRO is a value accelerator using marketing, innovation, and strategic business development to help visionary companies achieve their ambitions.
Eliza is passionate about helping people live healthier and more fulfilling lives. She has held leadership, advisory and consulting roles at numerous health-focused companies, including RunKeeper, MyFitnessPal/Under Armour, Foodsmart (formerly Zipongo), January AI (precision health), Allara Health (women’s health) and Everyday Health (and their acquisition of weight-loss app, Lose It!). Eliza is a business operator with a track record of building and inspiring high-performing teams to deliver outstanding results and scale effectively. She has a foundation in finance and consulting and 10+ years of operational leadership at Bay Area startups, including two successful exists (MyFitnessPal, Ooyala). Eliza completed her MBA at Harvard Business School and graduated magna cum laude from Middlebury College with a double major in Art History & Economics. She is a Boston native living in New York with her husband and three children.
Ethan Basch is an oncologist and cancer researcher at the University of North Carolina, where he is Chief of Oncology and Physician-in-Chief of the Cancer Hospital. Dr. Basch has conducted research on patient-centered cancer care models for the past two decades, developing connected health technologies and care delivery strategies to improve quality of care and the patient experience. His research group established that care teams miss more than half of patients’ symptoms during cancer care, and demonstrated that electronic tools not only can close that gap, but can improve cancer outcomes including quality of life, hospitalizations, and overall survival. He has published over 300 scientific papers on these topics, including in JAMA, New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Journal of Clinical Oncology, JAMA Oncology, Cancer, etc. He has served on the Board of Scientific Advisors of the National Cancer Institute, the Board of Directors of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the Board of the International Society of Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL), and as an editor for JAMA. He received his MD at Harvard Medical School, residency training at Massachusetts General Hospital, and oncology training at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, where he was on faculty until moving to North Carolina in 2012. The mission of his work is to improve the experiences and quality of life of people with cancer.
David Raben, M.D. is currently V.P. and Chief Medical Officer, Bicara Therapeutics. Dr. Raben is also on faculty at the University of Colorado where he is a board-certified Professor of Radiation Oncology and has recently been named a U.S. News Top Doctor. He received a B.A. in Psychology from Duke University in 1985 and completed his M.D. at Wake Forest University/Bowman Grey School of Medicine in 1990. After graduation, he completed residency in Radiation Oncology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1991-1994, serving as a chief resident in 1994. Dr. Raben has developed nationally recognized clinical expertise over the past 20 years in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC), lung cancer and prostate/bladder cancers. Clinically, Dr. Raben has a strong interest in nutritional precision for patients, with an interest in reducing processed foods and sugars in patients with locally advanced cancers, especially ones with high cell turnover. An anti-inflammatory strategy with a Mediterranean dietary approach coupled with reductions in high carbohydrate loading may reduce or slow cancer progression and improve a patient’s intrinsic microbiome to enhance immune response to various therapies including immune enabling drugs like checkpoint inhibitors that have shown dramatic success recently in advanced cancers. From a research perspective, his focus has been on laboratory discoveries and innovative clinical trials in areas such as high risk, heavy smoker HNC patients and has explored approaches that inhibit cancer DNA repair or growth factor signaling. Dr. Raben recently completed the first Phase I clinical trial in the US with and oral DNA repair inhibitor (PARP inhibitor) and radiation for heavy smokers when combined with intensity modulated radiation (IMRT). His efforts currently center around evaluation of TGFb inhibition in HNSCC as well as the use of radiation to stimulate activity of immune enabling drugs. Nationally, Dr. Raben serves on the NRG Oncology head and neck steering committee as well as co-chairing the Developmental Therapeutics Co-Chair at the NRG. He actively serves as an ASCO Ambassador for Multidisciplinary Cancer Management Courses (MCMC) to help educate underserved areas around the world in cancer care. Finally, he serves an ad hoc reviewer for high impact journals such as Journal of Clinical Oncology, Annals of Oncology, JAMA Oncology, Oral Oncology, Head and Neck, Int. Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, Clinical Cancer Research and Cancer Research. He has authored over 140 publications.
Jason Montrie is an award-winning healthcare technology executive and entrepreneur with over two decades of experience in building, growing, and scaling leading healthcare businesses. With a career that includes working at large health insurance companies like Humana, being Co-founder and CEO of the fastest growing heath insurance company in Illinois, and most recently serving as President of the premier healthcare data analytics platform and supplemental benefits company in the Medicare Advantage sector in Pareto Intelligence and Convey Health Solutions, Jason brings un unmatched set of experience and perspective to Savor which will help drive its growth.
Jonathan M. Kurie, M.D. Professor, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson.
Stephanie is a Registered Dietitian and Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO). She completed her dietetic internship at NewYork-Presbyterian in 2016 and has a MS in Clinical Nutrition and BA in Biology from New York University. She has worked at NYP Weill Cornell in NYC as an oncology dietitian since 2017. Stephanie combines her passions for food and science by providing individualized nutrition counseling for patients during their medical, radiation and/or surgical cancer treatment to help them get their best nutrition and maximize their quality of life. When not working, Stephanie enjoys hiking in the Hudson Valley, cooking, and spending time with her rescue dog.
Абсолютно свежие новинки мировых подиумов.
Исчерпывающие новости известнейших подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, гедонизм.
Приятное место для модных людей.
https://fashionvipclub.ru/
Полностью важные новинки индустрии.
Все новости всемирных подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Новое место для модных хайпбистов.
https://sneakero.ru/
Точно важные новости модного мира.
Актуальные новости самых влиятельных подуимов.
Модные дома, торговые марки, haute couture.
Самое лучшее место для стильныех людей.
https://sneakersgo.ru/
All watch news and events. Actual collections, models. Important information about old watch companies.
https://chrono.luxepodium.com/
Самые свежие новинки мира fashion.
Все новости лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Интересное место для трендовых хайпбистов.
https://sneakerside.ru/
Полностью актуальные события индустрии.
Абсолютно все эвенты всемирных подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Самое приятное место для стильныех людей.
https://ulmoda.ru/
Очень свежие события моды.
Абсолютно все мероприятия лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Свежее место для стильныех хайпбистов.
https://luxury.superpodium.com/
Style, luxe, hedonism
The best fashion home for hypebeasts and cute people.
Style news, events. Latest collections, collaborations, drops.
https://watch.lepodium.net/
Fashion, luxury, hedonism
Perfect style portal for hypebeasts and stylish people.
Style news, events. Latest collections, collaborations, drops.
https://dubai.luxepodium.com/
Style, luxe, lifestyle
The best fashion application for hypebeasts and cute people.
Podium news, events. Latest collections, collaborations, drops.
https://watch.lepodium.net/
Style, luxury, hedonism
First fashion application for hypebeasts and cute people.
Fashion news, events. Last collections, collaborations, limited editions.
https://london.luxepodium.com/
Наиболее важные новости подиума.
Актуальные мероприятия лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, гедонизм.
Интересное место для трендовых людей.
https://richlifestyle.ru/
Fashion, luxury, hedonism
First fashion application for hypebeasts and cute people.
Style news, events. Best collections, collaborations, drops.
https://lepodium.in/
Абсолютно все актуальные события часового искусства – свежие коллекции известных часовых компаний.
Все коллекции хронографов от недорогих до очень гедонистических.
https://podium24.ru/
Точно трендовые события моды.
Абсолютно все мероприятия лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, торговые марки, высокая мода.
Самое приятное место для трендовых хайпбистов.
https://furluxury.ru/
Несомненно трендовые новинки модного мира.
Абсолютно все события всемирных подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, haute couture.
Самое приятное место для трендовых хайпбистов.
https://fe-style.ru/
Несомненно стильные события моды.
Все мероприятия лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, гедонизм.
Интересное место для модных хайпбистов.
https://balenciager.ru/
Полностью стильные новинки подиума.
Абсолютно все мероприятия всемирных подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, высокая мода.
Приятное место для трендовых хайпбистов.
https://outstreet.ru/
Самые свежие новинки модного мира.
Абсолютно все эвенты лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Лучшее место для модных хайпбистов.
https://luxe-moda.ru/
LeCoupon: актуальные новинки для любителей fashion шоппинга
Лента новостей, события, стильные образы, мероприятия, коллекции, показы.
[url= https://qrmoda.ru/]https://qrmoda.ru/[/url]
LeCoupon: свежие новинки для любителей вещевого шоппинга
Новости, события, стильные луки, мероприятия, дропы, показы.
[url= https://qrmoda.ru/]https://qrmoda.ru/[/url]
Абсолютно трендовые события подиума.
Исчерпывающие мероприятия лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Новое место для стильныех людей.
https://fashion5.ru/
Очень актуальные новости мировых подиумов.
Важные новости лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, haute couture.
Самое приятное место для модных хайпбистов.
https://egomoda.ru/
Самые свежие новинки модного мира.
Актуальные мероприятия всемирных подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, высокая мода.
Свежее место для трендовых хайпбистов.
https://rfsneakers.ru
Несомненно актуальные события моды.
Исчерпывающие новости самых влиятельных подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, haute couture.
Самое приятное место для стильныех людей.
https://whitesneaker.ru/
Точно важные новости подиума.
Важные мероприятия самых влиятельных подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, высокая мода.
Лучшее место для модных хайпбистов.
https://modavmode.ru
Абсолютно важные события мировых подиумов.
Все мероприятия самых влиятельных подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, высокая мода.
Новое место для трендовых людей.
https://miramoda.ru
Абсолютно свежие новости модного мира.
Актуальные события мировых подуимов.
Модные дома, торговые марки, высокая мода.
Новое место для стильныех хайпбистов.
https://urban-moda.ru/
Точно стильные события модного мира.
Важные события известнейших подуимов.
Модные дома, торговые марки, гедонизм.
Лучшее место для модных хайпбистов.
https://sofiamoda.ru
Полностью актуальные новинки индустрии.
Актуальные события лучших подуимов.
Модные дома, торговые марки, высокая мода.
Новое место для трендовых хайпбистов.
https://fashionsecret.ru
Наиболее свежие события мира fashion.
Все события известнейших подуимов.
Модные дома, лейблы, гедонизм.
Самое приятное место для модных людей.
https://worldsfashion.ru/
Очень важные новости мира fashion.
Исчерпывающие события мировых подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Приятное место для трендовых людей.
https://rftimes.ru/news/2024-07-05-teplye-istorii-brend-herno
[url=https://www.cornbreadhemp.com/products/full-spectrum-cbd-gummies ]thc and cbd gummies[/url] have been a game-changer in requital for me! They’re useful, toothsome, and a passionate mo = ‘modus operandi’ to from the benefits of CBD discreetly. I’ve set that they aid me unwind after a long epoch and even improve my catch quality. Extra, wily definitely how much CBD I’m getting in each gummy makes it untroubled to superintend my dosage. If you’re strange forth trying CBD, gummies are a pronounced starting point. Just be sure to determine a virtuous maker with high-quality ingredients for the superlative observation!
Абсолютно актуальные новинки моды.
Актуальные эвенты самых влиятельных подуимов.
Модные дома, торговые марки, гедонизм.
Приятное место для модных людей.
https://novosibirsk.rftimes.ru/news/2024-04-15-v-novosibirske-voditelya-bmw-otpravili-v-spetspriemnik-iz-za-tonirovki
Абсолютно важные новости модного мира.
Важные эвенты мировых подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, гедонизм.
Лучшее место для трендовых хайпбистов.
https://omskdaily.ru/news/2024-02-06-otkrytie-goda-semi-v-omskoy-oblasti/
Полностью свежие события модного мира.
Важные события всемирных подуимов.
Модные дома, бренды, высокая мода.
Свежее место для трендовых людей.
https://ekaterinburg.rftimes.ru/news/2024-04-09-rok-gruppa-piknik-vozobnovit-gastrolnyy-tur
Стильные советы по созданию крутых луков на каждый день.
Заметки стилистов, новости, все показы и мероприятия.
https://ekbtoday.ru/news/2024-09-10-demna-gvasaliya-pereosmyslyaya-modu/
Стильные заметки по созданию крутых видов на любой день.
Обзоры профессионалов, новости, все коллекции и мероприятия.
https://metamoda.ru/moda/1141-7-prichin-lyubit-dizaynera-rick-owens/
На нашем сайте можно приобрести модные сумки Balenciaga по выгодным ценам. Разнообразие моделей позволяет выбрать сумку на любой вкус для любого. Заказывайте оригинальные аксессуары Balenciaga легко и удобно.
https://bags.balenciager.ru/
Легальные БК предлагают удобные приложения для Android — скачайте БК на Android бесплатно
Скачайте 888Starz APK на Android и активируйте фрибет
Экономьте на логистике, отправляя попутный груз для нужного направления
Для безопасного доступа установите 888starz apk ios
SEO продвижение сайтов будет результативнее с программой накрутки ПФ.
Официальный интернет-магазин Bottega Veneta предлагает широкий ассортимент оригинальной продукции от итальянского бренда. Здесь вы сможете выбрать и купить аксессуары последних поступлений с удобной доставкой по всей стране.
https://bottega-official.ru
Для тех, кто ищет грузоперевозки Новосибирск Венгерово, мы предложим доступные маршруты.
Хотите игру? скачайте 1xslots на андроид и начните выигрывать.
Используйте лаки джет демоверсия, чтобы начать игру с минимальными рисками.
Теперь ставки на спорт стали проще — просто скачайте БК на Android и наслаждайтесь игрой
Скачайте ракету на деньги и начните получать доход от увлекательной игры.
Unlock bonus rewards with 888Starz bonus codes and maximize your betting potential.
Accede a 1xslots apk y juega al instante en tu dispositivo Android.
загрузить приложения казино https://prego-samui.com/kak-ustroeno-onlajn-kazino-v-2024-godu-kak-oni/
закачать приложения казино http://khoni.gov.ge/?p=23174
Зарегистрируйтесь через 1xslots зеркало регистрация и начните выигрывать.
Изучить 1xSlots https://aztarna.es/pages/1xslots-casino_15.html
Установите удобное 1xslots приложение и играйте в любимые слоты где бы вы ни были.
Открой для себя 1xSlots https://santaeugenia.archimadrid.es/pags/1xslots-casino-argentina_1.html
Ваш гид в мире строительства https://zip.org.ua и ремонта. Советы специалистов, пошаговые инструкции, полезные статьи и ответы на популярные вопросы.
Рекомендации по 1xSlots https://nodosde.gob.ar/pgs/1xslots-descargar_1.html
Рейтинг лучших онлайн-казино https://lastdepcasino.ru с быстрыми выплатами и честной игрой. Подробные обзоры, бонусы для новых игроков и актуальные акции.
Luxury Pet Collars and Leashes https://petluxe.life
Ваш гид в мире автомобилей https://clothes-outletstore.com тест-драйвы, советы по ремонту и последние тенденции индустрии.
Автомобильный журнал https://automobile.kyiv.ua с фокусом на практичность. Ремонт, уход за авто, обзор технологий и советы по эксплуатации.
Всё о машинах https://avtomobilist.kyiv.ua тест-драйвы, сравнения моделей, авто новости, советы по ремонту и уходу.
Авто портал https://autonovosti.kyiv.ua актуальные новости, обзоры авто, тест-драйвы, инструкции по ремонту и тюнингу. Минимум текста, максимум полезной информации.
Авто журнал https://avtonews.kyiv.ua новости автопрома, сравнения моделей, тест-драйвы, советы по ремонту и уходу.
Всё о машинах https://black-star.com.ua авто новости, тест-драйвы, обзоры моделей, рейтинги, инструкции по обслуживанию и ремонту.
Авто журнал https://avtonews.kyiv.ua новости автопрома, сравнения моделей, тест-драйвы, советы по ремонту и уходу.
Всё о машинах https://avtomobilist.kyiv.ua тест-драйвы, сравнения моделей, авто новости, советы по ремонту и уходу.
Авто портал https://autonovosti.kyiv.ua актуальные новости, обзоры авто, тест-драйвы, инструкции по ремонту и тюнингу. Минимум текста, максимум полезной информации.
Всё о машинах https://black-star.com.ua авто новости, тест-драйвы, обзоры моделей, рейтинги, инструкции по обслуживанию и ремонту.
Всё о самогоноварении https://brewsugar.ru на одном сайте: от истории напитка до современных технологий перегонки.
Место для общения на любые темы https://xn--9i1b12ab68a.com/ актуальные вопросы, обмен опытом, интересные дискуссии. Здесь найдётся тема для каждого.
Всё об авто https://road.kyiv.ua в одном месте: новости, тест-драйвы, сравнения, характеристики, ремонт и уход. Автомобильный онлайн-журнал — ваш эксперт в мире машин.
Перевозка товаров из Китая https://chinaex.ru в Россию под ключ: авиа, море, автотранспорт. Гарантия сроков и сохранности груза.
Женский портал https://abuki.info мода, красота, здоровье, семья, карьера. Советы, тренды, лайфхаки, рецепты и всё, что важно для современных женщин.
Автомобильный онлайн-журнал https://simpsonsua.com.ua предлагает свежие новости, обзоры авто, тест-драйвы, рейтинги и полезные советы для водителей.
Мода, здоровье, красота https://gratransymas.com семья, кулинария, карьера. Женский портал — полезные советы и свежие идеи для каждой.
Познавательный портал для детей https://detiwki.com.ua обучающие материалы, интересные факты, научные эксперименты, игры и задания для развития кругозора.
Explore comprehensive guides https://pocket-codes.com/guides to master your favorite games. From beginner tips to expert strategies, our guides help you improve skills, unlock secrets, and conquer challenges with ease. Perfect for gamers of all levels!
купить офисную мебель https://ковка116.рф
Женский онлайн-журнал https://womanfashion.com.ua секреты красоты, модные тренды, здоровье, отношения, семья, кулинария и карьера. Всё, что важно и интересно.
Женский онлайн-журнал https://stylewoman.kyiv.ua стиль, уход, здоровье, отношения, семья, кулинарные рецепты, психология и карьера.
Mas sobre la plataforma 1xslots https://nodosde.gob.ar/pgs/1xslots-descargar_1.html
Туристический портал https://aliana.com.ua лучшие маршруты, путеводители, советы путешественникам, обзоры отелей.
мебель для персонала офиса https://ковка116.рф
Всё о туризме https://atrium.if.ua маршруты, путеводители, советы по отдыху, обзор отелей и лайфхаки. Туристический портал — ваш помощник в путешествиях.
Всё для путешествий https://cmc.com.ua уникальные маршруты, гиды по городам, актуальные акции на туры и полезные статьи для туристов.
Статьи о путешествиях https://deluxtour.com.ua гиды по направлениям, лайфхаки для отдыха, советы по сбору багажа и туристические обзоры.
Путешествия по Греции https://cpcfpu.org.ua лучшие курорты, гиды по островам, экскурсии, пляжи и советы по планированию отпуска.
Туристический журнал https://elnik.kiev.ua свежие идеи для путешествий, обзоры курортов, гиды по городам, советы для самостоятельных поездок и туристические новости.
Туристический портал https://feokurort.com.ua необычные маршруты, вдохновляющие истории, секреты бюджетных путешествий, советы по визам и топовые направления для отдыха.
Статьи о туризме и путешествиях https://inhotel.com.ua маршруты, гиды по достопримечательностям, советы по планированию поездок, рекомендации по отелям и лайфхаки для туристов.
Гиды по странам https://hotel-atlantika.com.ua экскурсии по городам, советы по выбору жилья и маршрутов. Туристический журнал — всё для комфортного и яркого путешествия.
Комплексный ремонт квартир https://anti-orange.com.ua и домов от Студии ремонта. Полный цикл работ: от дизайна до финишной отделки.
Строительная компания https://as-el.com.ua выполняем строительство жилых и коммерческих объектов под ключ. Полный цикл: проектирование, согласование, строительство и отделка.
На строительном портале https://avian.org.ua вы найдете всё: от пошаговых инструкций до списка лучших подрядчиков. Помогаем реализовать проекты любой сложности быстро и удобно.
Строительный портал https://ateku.org.ua ваш гид в мире строительства и ремонта. Полезные статьи, обзоры материалов, советы по выбору подрядчиков и идеи дизайна.
Портал по ремонту https://azst.com.ua всё для вашего ремонта: подбор подрядчиков, советы по выбору материалов, готовые решения для интерьера и проверенные рекомендации.
Всё о ремонте на одном сайте https://comart.com.ua Портал по ремонту предлагает обзоры материалов, рейтинги специалистов, советы экспертов и примеры готовых проектов для вдохновения.
Informatie over de CorgiSlot APK https://www.beachvolleybalschool.nl/new/pgs/corgislot_3.html
Журнал по ремонту https://domtut.com.ua и строительству – советы, идеи и обзоры. Узнайте о трендах, изучите технологии и воплотите свои строительные или дизайнерские задумки легко и эффективно.
Портал о ремонте https://eeu-a.kiev.ua всё для тех, кто ремонтирует: пошаговые инструкции, идеи дизайна, обзор материалов и подбор подрядчиков.
Журнал по ремонту и строительству https://diasoft.kiev.ua гид по современным тенденциям. Полезные статьи, лайфхаки, инструкции и обзор решений для дома и офиса.
Новости технологий https://helikon.com.ua все о последних IT-разработках, гаджетах и научных открытиях. Свежие обзоры, аналитика и тренды высоких технологий.
оценка профессиональных рисков образование в Москве проведение оценки профессиональных рисков на рабочих местах Москва
Сайт о строительстве и ремонте https://hydromech.kiev.ua полезные советы, инструкции, обзоры материалов и технологий. Все этапы: от фундамента до отделки.
Строительный онлайн журнал https://inter-biz.com.ua руководства по проектам любой сложности. Советы экспертов, подбор материалов, идеи дизайна и новинки рынка.
Строительные технологии https://ibss.org.ua новейшие разработки и решения в строительной сфере. Материалы, оборудование, инновации и тренды для профессионалов и застройщиков.
Все о строительстве и ремонте https://kennan.kiev.ua практичные рекомендации, идеи интерьеров, новинки рынка и советы профессионалов.
Дизайн интерьера и территории https://lbook.com.ua идеи оформления жилых и коммерческих пространств. Современные тренды, советы экспертов и решения для создания стильного и функционального пространства.
Асфальтирование и ремонт дорог https://mia.km.ua информация о технологиях укладки асфальта, методах ремонта покрытий и современных материалах.
Kompaktni zarizeni mikrosluchatka poskytuje spolehlivy prenos, pevny, nenapadny design a pohodlne se nosi v kazde situaci.
Онлайн-журнал о строительстве https://mts-slil.info свежие новости, обзоры инноваций, рекомендации по ремонту и строительству.
Сайт про ремонт https://odessajs.org.ua полезные советы, инструкции, подбор материалов и идеи дизайна. Всё, что нужно для качественного и продуманного ремонта любого помещения.
Онлайн журнал о ремонте https://prezent-house.com.ua статьи, лайфхаки и решения для всех этапов ремонта: от планирования до отделки. Практичные рекомендации и идеи для вашего дома.
Мастерская креативных идей https://rusproekt.org пространство для творчества и инноваций. Уникальные решения для дизайна, декора и проектов любого масштаба.
Журнал о строительстве и ремонте https://selma.com.ua советы экспертов, обзор материалов, тренды в интерьере и готовые решения для качественного ремонта вашего дома или офиса.
Портал о ремонте https://rvps.kiev.ua практичные рекомендации, дизайн-идеи, современные технологии и инструкции для успешного ремонта любого уровня сложно
Сайт о дизайне интерьера и территории https://sinega.com.ua тренды в дизайне помещений и благоустройстве территорий.
Информационный портал о ремонте https://sevgr.org.ua практичные советы, проверенные методики и новинки рынка. Помощь в планировании, выборе подрядчиков и создании идеального пространства.
Портал об архитектуре https://solution-ltd.com.ua информация о культовых проектах, новые технологии строительства, эстетика пространств и актуальные решения для городов и частных
Архитектурный портал https://skol.if.ua новости архитектуры, современные проекты, градостроительные решения и обзоры мировых трендов.
Информационный портал о ремонте https://stinol.com.ua практичные советы, проверенные методики и новинки рынка. Помощь в планировании, выборе подрядчиков и создании идеального пространства.
Гид по ремонту https://techproduct.com.ua идеи и советы для самостоятельного ремонта: экономичные решения, готовые проекты, обзоры материалов и дизайнерские лайфхаки.
Журнал про строительство и ремонт https://ukrainianpages.com.ua профессиональные статьи о ремонте любой сложности. Как оптимизировать расходы, найти подрядчиков и добиться идеального результата.
Журнал про строительство и ремонт https://ukrainianpages.com.ua профессиональные статьи о ремонте любой сложности. Как оптимизировать расходы, найти подрядчиков и добиться идеального результата.
Автодоставка из Китая https://china-top.ru быстрая и надежная транспортировка товаров. Полный цикл: от оформления документов до доставки на склад клиента.
Find the best no deposit bonus casino canada offers! Explore top-rated casinos with free spins and bonus cash for new players. Start playing without risking your funds.
Смотреть индийские фильмы онлайн https://kinoindia.tv подборка лучших фильмов с уникальным колоритом. Бесплатный доступ и ежедневное обновление каталога.
Назальный спрей Silver Ugleron надежная защита вашего дыхания. Активный углерод и ионы серебра очищают носовые ходы, увлажняют слизистую и помогают бороться с бактериями.
Free Online Games game your gateway to a world of free online entertainment! Explore a vast collection of games, from puzzles and card games to action and arcade classics. Play instantly on any device without registration or downloads
заказать шары недорого доставка воздушных шаров на дом
купить шары недорого заказ воздушных шариков
сделать ДК Техосмотр категория B
Уникальные подарки https://podarki-suveniry-vip.ru
тинькофф платинум условия тинькофф платинум проценты
Наши бюстгальтер белый предлагают идеальное сочетание стиля и комфорта. Выберите бюстгальтер без косточек для мягкой поддержки или кружевной бюстгальтер для романтичного образа. Для будущих мам подойдут бюстгальтеры для беременных и бюстгальтеры для кормления. Обратите внимание на бюстгальтер с пуш-ап для эффекта увеличения груди и комфортные бюстгальтеры для повседневного ношения.
Летайте выгодно с Pegasus Airlines предлагаем доступные билеты, удобные маршруты и современный сервис. Внутренние и международные рейсы для комфортных путешествий.
Оценка профессиональных рисков https://ocenka-riskov-msk.ru комплексная услуга для выявления, анализа и снижения угроз на рабочем месте.
sex viena private hure wien
Word lid van CorgiSlot https://www.mijnstudentenleven.nl/news/corgislot-casino-review.html
Предлагаем стекла для спецтехники https://steklo-ufa.ru любых типов и размеров. Прочные, устойчивые к ударам и погодным условиям материалы.
Производство шпона в Москве https://shpon-massiv.ru качественный шпон из натурального дерева для мебели, дверей и отделки. Широкий выбор пород, гибкие размеры и выгодные цены.
Инженерные изыскания в Москве https://geology-kaluga.ru точные исследования для строительства и проектирования. Геологические, гидрологические, экологические и геодезические работы для строительства.
Геосинтетические материалы https://geobentomat.ru надежное решение для строительства и укрепления грунтов. Геотекстиль, георешетки, геомембраны и другие материалы для дренажа, армирования и защиты конструкций.
Today, I went to the beach front with my kids. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She placed the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is totally off topic but I had to tell someone!
сериалы онлайн бесплатно
Доставка дизельного топлива https://neftegazlogistic.ru в Москве – оперативно и качественно! Поставляем ДТ для автотранспорта, строительной и спецтехники. Гарантия чистоты топлива, выгодные цены и быстрая доставка прямо на объект.
Torlab.net https://torlab.net новый торрент-трекер для поиска и обмена файлами! Здесь вы найдете фильмы, игры, музыку, софт и многое другое. Быстрая скорость загрузки, удобный интерфейс и активное сообщество. Подключайтесь, делитесь, скачивайте — ваш доступ к миру качественного контента!
https://rxguides.net Discover the best game codes, in-depth guides, and updated tier lists for your favorite games! Unlock exclusive rewards, master gameplay strategies, and find the top characters or items to dominate the competition. Start your journey to success today!
Wonderful, what a webpage it is! This weblog provides valuable information to us, keep it up.
смотреть кино онлайн
building a profitable online business starts with understanding how to sell on amazon. use amazon’s built-in tools to promote your listings, manage orders, and offer exceptional customer service. this guide walks you through every essential step.
bilan o’yin-kulgi dunyosiga xush kelibsiz 1win ro’yxatdan o’tish! 1000 dan ortiq o’yinlar, jonli dilerlar, sport va e-sport bir joyda. Saxiy bonuslar, tezkor depozitlar va qulay pul olish. O’ynang, g’alaba qozoning va yangi his-tuyg’ularga qayting!
Discover the best game codes https://rxguides.net in-depth guides, and updated tier lists for your favorite games! Unlock exclusive rewards, master gameplay strategies, and find the top characters or items to dominate the competition.
фільми онлайн без реєстрації дивитися фільми онлайн безкоштовно без реєстрації
найкращі фільми онлайн безкоштовно дивитися фільм
фильмы 2024 дивитись онлайн безкоштовно фільми 2024 дивитися онлайн
Online casinos taya365 app are thousands of slots, live games, profitable promotions and instant wins. Try your luck in a comfortable and safe environment, enjoying the excitement at any time and from any device.
Откройте для себя инновации с samsung moldova широкий выбор смартфонов, планшетов, телевизоров и бытовой техники. Выгодные цены, гарантия качества и быстрая доставка. Закажите оригинальную продукцию Samsung прямо сейчас и наслаждайтесь технологиями будущего!
dubai catamaran cruise https://boat-dubai-rent.com
yacht on rent yacht rental dubai